Ionic Bonding
A chemical reaction between a metal and a non-metal.
Atoms from group 7 in the periodic table are very reactive because they have 7 electrons in their outer shell and need just one more to become stable; because all atoms want to become stable. Similarly atoms in group one and two are very reactive because they are so close to a full outer shell they just need to loose one electron.
Therefore if one needs and electron and the other wants to get rid of an electron a transfer of electron happens. The non-metal (e.g halogen) always gains the electron because it it so close to a full shell and the metal always looses because it needs to get rid of one to show the full shell underneath.
METAL ALWAYS LOOSES THE ELECTRON
NON-METAL ALWAYS GAINS THE ELECTRON
Because the metal has lost an electron, it overall charge is now positive because it has more protons than electrons. And because the non-metal has gained an electron it has an overall negative charge. We say they've formed negative/positive ions. An ion is an atom that's lost or gained an electron.
METAL BECOMES POSITIVE ION
NON-METAL BECOMES NEGATIVE ION
This can happen with one or more electron. If the metal looses one electron it has a charge of +1 and if it looses two it has a charge of +2. And the same for the non-metal but with a minus charge.
The positive and negative ions then attract (opposites attract) and this creates strong bonds into a ionic lattice and structure formed by strong attraction.
The new structure is stable as there is no need for it to react because both of its substances have full outer shells.
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